Groundwater Modelling for Lukhwethu and Surrounding Villages
Client Name:
OR Tambo District Municipality (ORTDM)
Project Summary:
Near Surface Exploration & Drilling (Pty) Ltd was appointed to conduct a groundwater modelling study as part of a geohydrological investigation for the Lukhwethu water supply and surrounding villages.
The challenge was to understand groundwater flow systems, evaluate future water supply potential, and assess risks such as drought, over-abstraction, and contamination. The project involved developing a conceptual and numerical groundwater model, simulating scenarios such as long-term abstraction, reduced rainfall, and contaminant migration.
The outcome was a calibrated model that provided clear insights into groundwater availability, risks, and management strategies, forming a scientific basis for sustainable water supply planning.
Key Services Provided:
- Conceptual groundwater model development
- Numerical groundwater model setup and calibration (steady-state and transient)
- Simulation of predictive scenarios (abstraction, drought, contamination migration)
- Groundwater flow and contaminant transport modelling
- Analysis of aquifer characteristics and recharge rates
- Recommendations for monitoring, drilling, and geophysical surveys
Problem & Solution:
The initial problem was uncertainty regarding the sustainability of groundwater as a reliable water source for rural communities in ORTDM, especially under pressure from climate change, land-use changes, and pollution risks.
Near Surface and Trinition Consulting developed a scientifically robust groundwater model that identified abstraction potential, evaluated risks of drought and contamination, and recommended targeted monitoring and exploration.
This work provided the municipality with actionable solutions for groundwater management and long-term water security in vulnerable communities.
High Quality Images
Numerical Model Geometry side-view with elevations
3D view of initial hydraulic conductivities
Top intermediate weathered and fractured and Deep aquifers layers
3D view of assigned values of effective porosity
Groundwater elevations and drainage after 10 years of reduced MAP
2D Cross section view of simulated sulphate plume from industrial sources in the Southernwood area (20 years)
2D Cross section view of simulated sulphate plume from sewage sources in Thorn Hill area (20 years)
2D Cross section view of simulated sulphate plume from sewage sources in Norwood area (20 years)
Team on the ground
Conclusions & Recommendations
Our groundwater modelling confirmed that Lukhwethu has strong potential for long-term water supply. While pumping and drought pose risks of drawdown, and industrial or sewage pollution could impact nearby rivers, these risks can be managed through careful monitoring and planning. With targeted exploration, robust management protocols, and ongoing model updates, OR Tambo District Municipality can secure safe and sustainable groundwater for its communities.